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Cordyline fruticosa

(L.) A.Chev. (1919)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Monocots Order: Asparagales Family: Asparagaceae Genus: Cordyline

kī [ki], ti, ti leaf

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 2–3.5 m tall.

Stems: Stems unbranched or few–branched.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades lanceolate to oblong–elliptic, usually 40–80 cm long, 8–16 cm wide. Apex acuminate with a mucronate tip. Base cuneate. Surfaces glabrous; green, relatively thin. Margins entire. Veins parallel. Petioles usually 10–18 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in paniculate inflorescences ca. 20–30 cm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), sessile, subtended by 3 small bracts; tepals white, the outer ones tinged pink 8–15 mm long becoming strongly reflexed. Tepals 6,–connate or coherent at base, the lobes becoming strongly reflexed, equal or inner ones slightly longer. Stamens 6. Ovary superior, 3-celled; ovules 4 to numerous per cell; style filiform; stigma capitate or 3-lobed.

Fruit: Fruit rarely formed; a globose or 3–lobed; fleshy; dehiscent or tardily dehiscent capsules. Seeds black; glossy; obovoid; compressed.

Ploidy: 2n = 152

Habitat: Extensively cultivated and also naturalized in hala forest; mesic valleys; and mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 5–610 m.

Historical Distribution

Synonyms (253)

Aletris chinensis Lam. (1783)
Asparagus terminalis L. (1762)
Calodracon heliconiifolia (Otto & A.Dietr.) Planch. (1850)
Calodracon jacquinii (Kunth) Planch. (1850)
Calodracon nobilis Planch. (1851)
Calodracon sieberi (Kunth) Planch. (1850)
Calodracon terminalis (L.) Planch. (1850)
Convallaria fruticosa L. (1759)
Cordyline albicans (Van Geert) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline alborosea (W.Bull) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline amabilis Cogn. & Marchal (1873)
Cordyline amboynensis G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline angusta (W.Bull) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline argenteostriata (W.Bull) Mottet (1894)
Cordyline balmoreana (Van Geert) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline baptistii Cogn. & Marchal (1873)
Cordyline bartelii Mottet (1894)
Cordyline bellula (Linden & André) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline casanovae Linden ex André (1874)
Cordyline cheesemanii Kirk (1896)
Cordyline chelsonii (Veitch) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline compacta (W.Bull) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline dennisonii André (1872)
Cordyline densicoma Linden & André (1874)
Cordyline duffii (E.G.Hend.) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline eschscholziana Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f. (1829)
Cordyline excellens Mottet (1894)
Cordyline excelsa G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline ferrea (L.) Endl. (1842)
Cordyline fraseri (Anon.) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline fruticosa var. ferrea J.W.Moore (1933)
Cordyline gloriosa Linden & André (1873)
Cordyline grandis (W.Bull) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline guilfoylei Linden ex Lem. (1869)
Cordyline hedychioides F.Muell. (1866)
Cordyline heliconiifolia Otto & A.Dietr. (1835)
Cordyline hendersonii Cogn. & Marchal (1873)
Cordyline imperialis (Anon.) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline inscripta (W.Bull) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline jacquinii Kunth (1844)
Cordyline javanica Klotzsch ex Kunth (1850)
Cordyline kewensis Sander (1903)
Cordyline laingii (Van Geert) Mottet (1894)
Cordyline lutescens-striata G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline macarthurii G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline madagascariensis Mottet (1894)
Cordyline magnifica (H.J.Veitch ex É.Morren) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline metallica Dallière (1872)
Cordyline mirabilis G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline mooreana (Van Geert) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline nigrorubra (Linden) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline nobilis (Planch.) K.Koch (1858)
Cordyline norwoodiensis Mottet (1894)
Cordyline ornata (Van Geert) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline picturata (T.Moore) Mottet (1894)
Cordyline placida (W.Bull) Mottet (1894)
Cordyline porphyrophylla (É.Morren) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline pulchella (W.Bull) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline reali (Linden & André) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline regina Veitch ex Regel (1871)
Cordyline rex (W.Bull) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline robinsoniana (Van Geert) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline rosacea G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline rubella (W.Bull) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline sepiaria Seem. (1868)
Cordyline sieberi Kunth (1844)
Cordyline splendens (W.Bull ex É.Morren) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline sulcata (Van Geert) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline terminalis Kunth (1844)
Cordyline terminalis var. baileyi F.M.Bailey (1902)
Cordyline terminalis var. boryi Benth. (1875)
Cordyline terminalis var. ferrea Baker (1875)
Cordyline terminalis var. hedychioides (F.Muell.) Baker (1875)
Cordyline terminalis var. sepiaria (Seem.) Benth. (1875)
Cordyline terminalis var. sieberi (Kunth) Benth. (1875)
Cordyline terminalis var. ti (Schott ex K.Koch) Benth. (1875)
Cordyline thomsonii (Mast. & T.Moore) Mottet (1894)
Cordyline ti Schott ex K.Koch (1860)
Cordyline timorensis Planch. (1850)
Cordyline triumphans (W.Bull) G.Nicholson (1884)
Cordyline venosa (W.Bull) Mottet (1894)
Cordyline williamsii Mottet (1894)
Cordyline youngii (É.Morren) G.Nicholson (1884)
Dianella cubensis A.Rich. (1850)
Dracaena albicans Van Geert (1870)
Dracaena albomarginata T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena alborosea W.Bull (1874)
Dracaena alexandrae Van Geert (1882)
Dracaena amabilis H.J.Veitch (1871)
Dracaena anerleyensis T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena angusta W.Bull (1869)
Dracaena argenteostriata W.Bull (1888)
Dracaena atropurpurea-pendula Van Geert (1879)
Dracaena aurora Linden & André (1878)
Dracaena balmoreana Van Geert (1875)
Dracaena baptistii Anon. (1874)
Dracaena barronii T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena bausei T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena bella T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena bellula Linden & André (1874)
Dracaena bergmanii Van Geert (1879)
Dracaena berkeleyi T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena brasiliensis Schult. & Schult.f. (1830)
Dracaena candida W.Bull (1875)
Dracaena cantrellii T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena carolettiae T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena casanovae Linden & André (1874)
Dracaena chelsonii Veitch (1868)
Dracaena compacta W.Bull (1873)
Dracaena concinna W.Bull (1871)
Dracaena cooperi Van Geert (1864)
Dracaena cooperi var. striata Van Geert (1882)
Dracaena coullingii Anon. (1892)
Dracaena crispata Van Geert (1879)
Dracaena cuprea L.Linden & Rodigas (1893)
Dracaena dennisonii Veitch ex É.Morren (1872)
Dracaena duffii E.G.Hend. (1874)
Dracaena elizabethiae T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena ernestii T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena esculenta Regel (1871)
Dracaena excelsa W.Bull (1871)
Dracaena eximia T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena ferrea L. (1767)
Dracaena ferrea var. rubens Hassk. (1842)
Dracaena ferrea variegata Blandy (1861)
Dracaena ferrea versicolor E.J.Lowe & W.Howard (1859)
Dracaena flemingii Baker (1875)
Dracaena formosa W.Bull (1874)
Dracaena fraseri Anon. (1873)
Dracaena fredericii T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena fulgens T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena gemma W.Bull (1875)
Dracaena gibsonii Baker (1875)
Dracaena gladstonei Van Geert (1878)
Dracaena glonerea Linden ex Rafarin (1874)
Dracaena gloneri André (1873)
Dracaena gloriosa Anon. (1873)
Dracaena grandis W.Bull (1874)
Dracaena guilfoylei T.Moore ex Linden (1869)
Dracaena halseyi Van Geert (1882)
Dracaena harrisii Hovey (1882)
Dracaena hendersonii J.H.Veitch (1874)
Dracaena humboldtii Jacob-Makoy (1870)
Dracaena hybrida W.Bull ex R.Hogg (1874)
Dracaena illustris W.Bull (1874)
Dracaena imperator T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena imperialis Anon. (1873)
Dracaena inscripta W.Bull (1873)
Dracaena insignis W.Bull (1875)
Dracaena intermedia E.C.Hend. (1873)
Dracaena jamesii Pynaert (1898)
Dracaena jucunda T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena kewensis Sander (1903)
Dracaena laingii Van Geert (1882)
Dracaena latifolia pendula Jacob-Makoy (1870)
Dracaena leonardii Van Geert (1882)
Dracaena leonensis Lodd. ex G.Don (1830)
Dracaena leopoldii Pynaert (1882)
Dracaena leucochila T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena levangeri Van Geert (1875)
Dracaena liervalii Bonard (1869)
Dracaena limbata Van Geert (1864)
Dracaena lutescens Verschaff. (1873)
Dracaena lutescens var. striata Linden ex Rafarin (1874)
Dracaena mabiliae T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena macleayi Linden (1869)
Dracaena magnifica H.J.Veitch ex É.Morren (1872)
Dracaena mandaianum Anon. (1907)
Dracaena martfontanensis Van Geert (1879)
Dracaena mastersii T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena metallica W.Bull (1872)
Dracaena mooreana Van Geert (1870)
Dracaena moorei B.S.Williams (1870)
Dracaena neocaledonica Linden (1877)
Dracaena nigrescens B.S.Williams (1870)
Dracaena nigricans Jacob-Makoy (1870)
Dracaena nigrorubra Linden (1869)
Dracaena nigrostriata W.Bull (1874)
Dracaena nitzchneri Van Geert (1878)
Dracaena nobilis Baker (1875)
Dracaena ornata Van Geert (1873)
Dracaena pendens T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena perreyi Van Geert (1882)
Dracaena picta W.Bull (1874)
Dracaena picturata T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena placida W.Bull (1883)
Dracaena porphyrophylla É.Morren (1872)
Dracaena porteana Baker (1875)
Dracaena poubellei Anon. (1888)
Dracaena princeps W.Bull (1874)
Dracaena pulchella W.Bull (1871)
Dracaena pulcherrima Baker (1875)
Dracaena punctata B.S.Williams (1870)
Dracaena reali Linden & André (1873)
Dracaena rebeccae T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena regalis Baker (1875)
Dracaena reginae T.Moore (1868)
Dracaena regis André (1879)
Dracaena renardiae T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena rex W.Bull (1875)
Dracaena robinsoniana Van Geert (1878)
Dracaena robusta B.S.Williams (1870)
Dracaena rothiana Carrière (1877)
Dracaena rubella W.Bull (1875)
Dracaena salmonea T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena salviati Linden (1875)
Dracaena scottiae T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena sepiaria Seem. (1866)
Dracaena shepherdii Anon. (1873)
Dracaena siamensis Baker (1875)
Dracaena speciosa Van Houtte (1878)
Dracaena spectabilis W.Bull (1871)
Dracaena spinckii Van Geert (1882)
Dracaena splendens W.Bull ex É.Morren (1872)
Dracaena stenophylla K.Koch (1861)
Dracaena striatifolia E.C.Hend. (1873)
Dracaena stricta var. alba T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena sulcata Van Geert (1873)
Dracaena superba Van Geert (1879)
Dracaena sydneyi T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena taylorii Veitch (1875)
Dracaena tellingii T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena terminalis L. (1767)
Dracaena terminalis alba J.Wills ex H.Little (1877)
Dracaena terminalis latifolia-pendula Van Geert (1864)
Dracaena terminalis var. alba Van Houtte (1878)
Dracaena thomiae T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena thomsonii Mast. & T.Moore (1880)
Dracaena triumphans W.Bull (1875)
Dracaena troubetzkoi Linden & André (1874)
Dracaena utilis Baker (1875)
Dracaena venosa W.Bull (1883)
Dracaena venusta T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena verlotii Van Geert (1879)
Dracaena verschaffeltii Verschaff. (1867)
Dracaena versicolor T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena vestalis Van Houtte (1878)
Dracaena victoriae T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena violacea T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena vivicans Van Houtte (1878)
Dracaena voluta T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena warocquei Linden & André (1875)
Dracaena weismannii H.J.Veitch (1871)
Dracaena willsii T.Moore (1875)
Dracaena youngii É.Morren (1872)
Dracaena × bartetii Carrière (1886)
Draco stenophylla (K.Koch) Kuntze (1891)
Ezehlsia palma Lour. ex B.A.Gomes (1868)
Taetsia ferrea Medik. (1786)
Taetsia fruticosa (L.) Merr. (1917)
Taetsia fruticosa var. casanovae (Linden & André) Guillaumin (1948)
Taetsia terminalis W.Wight (1905)
Terminalis fruticosa (L.) Kuntze (1891)

Uses and Culture

USES

  • Kī has many medicinal uses. For treatment of i‘aku o ka ihu (nasal growth) kī flowers are combined with rhizomes (underground stems) of ‘ōlena (Cucurma longa), ‘awapuhi kuahiwi (Zingiber zerumbet), and ‘awapuhi lei (Hedychium coronarium), as well as powdered ‘iliahi (Santalum spp.) and naio (Myoporum sandwicense). For hano (ho) maka‘u i ke kanaka, kī flowers are added to pith of the ‘ama‘uma‘u fern (Sadleria cyatheoides) and ‘ōkaha (birdsnest fern, Asplenium nidus), and taken internally with poi and other foods. Treatment for shortness of breath/asthma (nae, nae‘oiku, nae hokale ‘ano ohaohao) kī flowers and leaf buds are mixed with ‘uhaloa root bark (Waltheria indica), ‘ala‘ala wai nui pehu (Peperomia spp.), noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia), ‘uala huamoa (sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas), possibly pu (squash, Cucurbita spp.), and kōkea (white sugarcane,Saccharum officinarum). For phlegm in the chest, umauma hihia pa‘akiki i ka male, leaves and leaf buds of the kī is mixed with ‘uala, to cause vomiting. For the illness wela hou ‘ole o ke kino (absence of perspiration), kī leaves are wrapped about the head and chest. For illnesses such as hinanawe, hopilo, wai‘opua, (classes of kohepopo?), the leaves are stripped and worn as a lei. The treatment for nae‘oiku and wai‘opua and similar classes of kohepopo illnesses, the leaf buds of the kī are combined with ‘ala‘ala wai nui pehu, the aerial roots of the hala (Pandanus tectorius), leaf buds from pōpolo (Solanum americanum), noni fruit, and kōkea.

  • Many uses, including leaves as food wrappers in imu and for footwear; the sweet roots baked as a "treat or famine food"; in historic period distilled into alcoholic beverage, ‘okolehao (Handy et al. 1972:222–225). The earliest account of kī use come from the late eighteenth century (Cpt. Portlock 1789), who says that sweet potatoes, taro, sugarcane, yams and "tee" were "met in great abundance". Abbott suggests that the term "famine food" for kī may be inappropriate, and says perhaps it was more commonly consumed (1992:41–42). Commonly cooked and eaten in many other island groups, such as New Zealand, Samoa, Society Islands (Pollock 1992). It is of note that Portlock made beer from the boiled roots for curing scurvy, it is possible that this was a forerunner of ‘okolehau, which is distilled in iron pots, hence the name "iron bottom". Degener says that the Hawaiians brewed beverages of low alcoholic content from kī, ‘uala, & kōprior to haole arrival, and that before 1800 they were taught to distill kī by some convicts from Botany Bay, Australia (1930:97). Hillebrand (1888:442) may be the source of this idea--he notes that the natives understood how to make a kind of beer, and later learned to distill it. The leaves are used as thatch, rain capes, symbols of status, plates, instruments, & cups; the stem is used in divining (Handy et al. 1972:222–225). Used on hula altars (kuahu) (Emerson 1909:20). Leaves used as healing apparatus, not as medicines themselves: they were wrapped around warm stones to serve as hot packs, used in poultices, and applied to fevered brows (Abbott 1992:101).

  • Damp leaves used to wrape buldles of 'uala slips

  • Leaves used to wrap 'uala leaves for cooking in imu

  • Leaves used to wrap laulau for baking

CULTURE

  • [I] E aha ‘ia ana o Hakipu‘u i ka palaoa lawalu ‘ono a Ka‘ehu? What is happening to Hakipu‘u, with dough cooked in ti leaves, of which Ka‘ehu is so found? This is a line of a chant composed by Ka‘ehu, a poet and hula instructor from Kaua‘i. It refers to a part-white woman with whom he flirted. Used in humor when referring to Hakipu‘u, a place on the windward side of O‘ahu [II] E pale lau‘i i ko akua ke hiki aku i Kona. Place a shield of ti leaves before your god when you arrive in Kona. A message sent by Ka‘ahumanu to Liholiho requesting him to free the kapu of his god Kuka‘ilimoku. Ka‘ahumanu was at that time striving to abolish the kapu system. [III] Hawai‘i palu la‘i. Ti-leaf lickers of Hawai‘i. This saying originated after Kamehameha conquered the island of O‘ahu. The people of Kailua, O‘ahu, gave a great feast for him, not expecting him to bring such a crowd of people. The first to arive ate up the meat, so the second group had to be content with licking and nibbling at the bits of meat that adhered to the ti leaves. In derision, the people of O‘ahu called them "ti-leaf lickers." [IV] Ka i‘a ka welelau oke ahi. The fish that lies on the top edge of the fire. The ‘o‘opu, wrapped in ti leaves and laid on the hot coals. [V] Ka wai ho‘iho‘i la-‘i o ‘Eleile. The water of ‘Eleile that carries back the ti-leaf stalk. The pool of ‘Eleile on Maui is famed in songs and chants. Visitors throw ti stalks into the pool and watch the water carry them all around before washing them downstream. [VI] Lau‘i pekepeke. Short-leaved ti plant. An insult applied to the kauwa. Like small-leaved ti, they weren't much use. Longer leaves were better liked because they were useful as food wrappers. [VII] Palaki a Moemoe. Ti daubs of Moemoe. Excrement. Ti eaten in great quantity loosens the bowels. Moemoe was a prophet whose excrement, when questioned, was said to reply of his whereabouts. [VIII] Ua ahu ka imu, e lawalu ka i‘a. The oven is ready, let the fish wrapped in ti leaves be cooked. All preparations have been made; now let us proceed with the work.

PROPAGATION/CULTIVATION

  • Cut stalk & strip off all leaves, cut stalk into 4-8 inch pieces; soak in bucket of water with growing side up, once root buds appear plant either at an angle or lay flat in moist, well drained soil with partial shade 9-12 inches apart; protect from wind (Burgess and Enos 1996:48–49).

Ethnobotanical Images

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Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Naturalized
Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Extirpated
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Water/Ocean
Birds

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Cat. Pl. Jard. Bot. Saigon: 66 (1919)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1348 (Ni, K, O, Mo, L, M, H); Warren et al. 1994:11 (Ka†); Staples & Herbst 2005:578 (KEY), 581 (DESCR)

Laau Hawaii (Abbott) p.28-32

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cordyline fruticosa Leahi, 1 mile NE of In sink hole in dry limestone flat with Artocarpus (breadfruit). Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 22778 Niihau BISH 1947-08-13
2 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum, main road near post 3c large grove of ti Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 175 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
3 Cordyline fruticosa East Maui, Hana District, Waihoi Valley Along stream bank. Preserved_Specimen Harrison, B. 153 Maui BISH 1972-08-04
4 Cordyline fruticosa Koloa, 3927 Olano Rd private garden Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 150 Kauai BISH 2003-01-18
5 Cordyline fruticosa ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District The plant was growing in an area exposed to direct sunlight. Growing with Pluchea odorata, Psidium guajava, and Brachiaria mutica. The soil is `a`a or cinder. Preserved_Specimen The plant was about 1.5 meters tall. Yoshida, L. 79.073 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-08
6 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum, behind disturbed forest Preserved_Specimen large Hinkle, A. 170 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
7 Cordyline fruticosa Puna: near Kupaahu In earthquake fissure. Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3006 Hawaii BISH 1959-07-02
8 Cordyline fruticosa above Hwy 560 W, between police station and one way bridge Preserved_Specimen old flowering Hinkle, A. 157 Kauai BISH 2003-01-19
9 Cordyline fruticosa Waimea Arboretum, near propagation house Preserved_Specimen large-leaved Hinkle, A. 180 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
10 Cordyline fruticosa Halawa Trail Preserved_Specimen Ti blossom. Kerr, M. 4421 Oahu BISH 1946-01-01
11 Cordyline fruticosa Moaula Falls; old planted grove Preserved_Specimen Small tree 15', 3 diam. Little Jr., E.L. 31224 Molokai BISH 1976-09-16
12 Cordyline fruticosa Koolau Mountains: Laie-Malaekahana ridge Occasional in woods from lower edge to top of divide. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13048 Oahu BISH 1933-04-15
13 Cordyline fruticosa Koloa District. Kalaheo, yard of house at 3581 Kaloke Road Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 3 m tall with 2-3 erect stems, leaves in termal clusters, dark green with deep red petioles, margins, and blotches distally on blade. Berries bright red, seeds black, shiny Lorence, D.H. 10192 Kauai BISH 2010-05-12
14 Cordyline fruticosa Waimea Arboretum, reconstructed house site Preserved_Specimen large Hinkle, A. 176 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
15 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Manoa Valley; Lyon Arboretum, near greenhouse Preserved_Specimen Stem ca. 10 feet tall, slender, unbranched, w/conspicuous leaf scars; foliage deep red, tufted at tip of stem; flowers lavender. Herbst, D.R. 618 Oahu BISH 1967-09-25
16 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 144 Kauai BISH 2003-01-17
17 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen dried inflorescence, no fruit Hinkle, A. 139 Kauai BISH 2003-01-16
18 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu, Manoa Valley, Lyon Arboretum, Middle Lawn Makai Preserved_Specimen Large leafed Samoan variety; leaf blades up to 24 inches in length, petioles up to 12; corolla white, calyx w/purple tint; inflorescence bracts prominent. Nagata, K.M. 530 Oahu BISH 1969-01-06
19 Cordyline fruticosa Limahuli Garden Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 160 Kauai BISH 2003-01-19
20 Cordyline fruticosa Kalaupapa; SE Kauhako crater Preserved_Specimen small shrub Wysong, M.L. 522 Molokai BISH 2004-12-07
21 Cordyline fruticosa Waimea Arboretum, upper meadow Preserved_Specimen large Hinkle, A. 178 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
22 Cordyline fruticosa Punaluu Preserved_Specimen 15' tall, common, forming a thicket. St.John, H. 10082 Oahu BISH 1929-11-30
23 Cordyline fruticosa Manoa Cliffs Trail Preserved_Specimen Common in this and Tantalus region, many plants flowering through both areas Takeuchi, W.N. 1932 Oahu BISH 1985-01-19
24 Cordyline fruticosa Waianae Mountains: Puu Kalena; Waianae Kai In woods Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12979 Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
25 Cordyline fruticosa Allerton Garden, Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 164 Kauai BISH 2003-01-20
26 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum, around 1st garage Preserved_Specimen dry infructescence Hinkle, A. 129 Oahu BISH 2003-01-13
27 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum Preserved_Specimen dry infructescence Hinkle, A. 125 Oahu BISH 2003-01-13
28 Cordyline fruticosa Koolau Mountains: S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, east of Puu Kamana moist gulch Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11642 Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
29 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen large Hinkle, A. 137 Kauai BISH 2003-01-16
30 Cordyline fruticosa Punaluu Preserved_Specimen 15' tall, common, forming a thicket. St.John, H. 10082 Oahu BISH 1929-11-30
31 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: 622 Judd St Preserved_Specimen leaves green & red striped. Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1935-05-15
32 Cordyline fruticosa Manoa Cliffs Trail Preserved_Specimen Common in this and Tantalus region, many plants flowering through both areas Takeuchi, W.N. 1932 Oahu BISH 1985-01-19
33 Cordyline fruticosa Waimea Arboretum, reconstructed house site Preserved_Specimen large Hinkle, A. 177 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
34 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum Preserved_Specimen large leaves Hinkle, A. 134 Oahu BISH 2003-01-13
35 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum, around 2nd garage Preserved_Specimen dry infructescence Hinkle, A. 130 Oahu BISH 2003-01-13
36 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu, Manoa Valley, Lyon Arboretum, Middle Lawn Makai Preserved_Specimen Large leafed Samoan variety; leaf blades up to 24 inches length, petioles up to 12; corolla white, calyx w/purple tint; infl. bracts prominent. Nagata, K.M. 530 Oahu BISH 1969-01-06
37 Cordyline fruticosa Limahuli Garden Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 161 Kauai BISH 2003-01-19
38 Cordyline fruticosa Haupu; N side Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3 m high. MacDaniels, L.H. 714 Kauai BISH 1927-02-16
39 Cordyline fruticosa Manoa Cliffs Trail Preserved_Specimen Common in this and Tantalus region, many plants flowering through both areas Takeuchi, W.N. 1932 Oahu BISH 1985-01-19
40 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen large Hinkle, A. 138 Kauai BISH 2003-01-16
41 Cordyline fruticosa North Halawa Valley; BM Site # 50-0a-B1-85 Preserved_Specimen Woodward, L. 10 Oahu BISH 1992-12-14
42 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 128 Oahu BISH 2003-01-13
43 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Manoa Valley; Lyon Arboretum, near greenhouse Preserved_Specimen Stem about 10', slender, unbranched, w. conspicious leaf scars; foliage deep red, tufted at tip of stem; flowers lavender. Herbst, D.R. 618 Oahu BISH 1967-09-25
44 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu, Manoa Valley, Lyon Arboretum, Middle Lawn Makai Preserved_Specimen Leaves lanceolate, mostly bright reddish-maroon, rarely suffused w/green, glossy above, dull below. Petioles red; peduncles red; perianth purple. Nagata, K.M. 731 Oahu BISH 1970-12-22
45 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu, Manoa Valley, Lyon Arboretum, Middle Lawn Makai Preserved_Specimen Leaves w/pink to brilliant red border diffusing into blade & running down edges of petiole. Underside of young leaves dull red, becoming same shade as top side upon maturity. Calyx, corolla pink; peduncles purple. Nagata, K.M. 517 Oahu BISH 1968-11-20
46 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu, Manoa Valley, Lyon Arboretum, Middle Lawn Makai Preserved_Specimen Leaves lanceolate, mostly bright reddish-maroon, rarely suffused w/green, glossy above, dull below. Petioles red; peduncles red; perianth purple. Nagata, K.M. 730 Oahu BISH 1970-12-22
47 Cordyline fruticosa Kilauea, D. Ragone garden Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 154 Kauai BISH 2003-01-19
48 Cordyline fruticosa Koloa; Laaukahi Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 3-8 feet tall. St.John, H. 13448 Kauai BISH 1933-12-22
49 Cordyline fruticosa Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 248 Lanai BISH 1915-01-01
50 Cordyline fruticosa Laie Preserved_Specimen flower-white Kinikini, T.V. 18 Oahu BISH 1967-03-09
51 Cordyline fruticosa Kalaupapa Trail Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25236 Molokai BISH 1953-12-25
52 Cordyline fruticosa Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 577 Lanai BISH 1930-02-28
53 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu, Foster Botanic Gardens Preserved_Specimen Flower buds lavender, opening white, solitary, each pedicel accompanied by 3 small bracts, ovary 3-celled w. many ovules. Potter, C. Oahu BISH 1960-04-27
54 Cordyline fruticosa [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Green leaf w. oblique cream streaks & edged w. narrow cream area; petiole & it's edge w. rose-coloresd line. Bonelike ridge (white w. pink tint) begins at upper end of petiole and extends half way up the blade, its tip protruding .25; seems to consist of many fine folds. Hansen, M. Oahu BISH 1955-11-27
55 Cordyline fruticosa Hakipuu, Palai Preserved_Specimen bright red berries, lvs. red-orange. Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1936-12-27
56 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: 622 Judd St Preserved_Specimen Fruit and leaves red. Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1935-05-15
57 Cordyline fruticosa Napali Coast; 2-3 miles on Haena-Kalalau Trail Preserved_Specimen Leaf green. Herbst, D.R. Kauai BISH 1968-05-01
58 Cordyline fruticosa Koolau Mountains: Waialae; Waialae Iki Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1218 Oahu BISH 1956-03-11
59 Cordyline fruticosa Hakipuu, Palai Preserved_Specimen fruit forms while flowering and is scarlet. Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1936-09-27
60 Cordyline fruticosa Hakipuu, Palai Preserved_Specimen Fruit forms while flowering (Jul, Sep) & becomes scarlet, red-orange leaves are common on this form of ti. Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1936-09-27
61 Cordyline fruticosa Hakipuu, Palai Preserved_Specimen berries red; leaves red orange Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1936-12-27
62 Cordyline fruticosa Kilauea, D. Rgone garden Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 155 Kauai BISH 2003-01-19
63 Cordyline fruticosa Koolau Mountains: S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio Preserved_Specimen Bryan Jr., E.H. Oahu BISH 1932-05-15
64 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu, Nuuanu Valley; 42 Coelho Way Preserved_Specimen Plant about 5 feet high; leaves green & white striped; flowers white; fruit pink-tinted, ovid, pointed, 3/8 diam. Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1945-06-06
65 Cordyline fruticosa Hakipuu, Palai Preserved_Specimen Fruit forms while flowering (Jul, Sep) & becomes scarlet, red-orange leaves are common on this form of ti. Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1936-09-27
66 Cordyline fruticosa Allerton Garden, Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 163 Kauai BISH 2003-01-20
67 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu, Nuuanu Valley; 42 Coelho Way Preserved_Specimen Plant about 7 feet in height; petioles, leaf back & fruit red; flowers rose purple; berries 0.5+diam. Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1945-06-06
68 Cordyline fruticosa Kaneohe, 4612-H Haiku Rd., Mrs. Sru Preserved_Specimen leaves rather small, deep green marked with crimson. Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1951-07-15
69 Cordyline fruticosa Waimanalo Preserved_Specimen Char, W.P. 172 Oahu BISH 1982-02-15
70 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum Preserved_Specimen leaves with increased green when growing in the shade Hinkle, A. 127 Oahu BISH 2003-01-13
71 Cordyline fruticosa Hwy 560 at mile 5 Preserved_Specimen large, flowering Hinkle, A. 158 Kauai BISH 2003-01-19
72 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 147 Kauai BISH 2003-01-17
73 Cordyline fruticosa Waianae Mountains: Lualualei; Lualualei Forest Res., wooded slope, 2nd gulch S. of Pohakea Pass Preserved_Specimen 15' x 4 tree. St.John, H. 13131 Oahu BISH 1933-05-12
74 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum, Manoa Valley, near post 10c Preserved_Specimen large Hinkle, A. 174 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
75 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 145 Kauai BISH 2003-01-17
76 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 140 Kauai BISH 2003-01-17
77 Cordyline fruticosa Koolau Mountains: Waialae; Waialae Iki Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1218 Oahu BISH 1956-03-11
78 Cordyline fruticosa Koele Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 577 Lanai BISH 1930-02-28
79 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 143 Kauai BISH 2003-01-17
80 Cordyline fruticosa unknown Preserved_Specimen (Not on sheet) BISH
81 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Foster Botanic Gardens Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 956 Oahu BISH 1909-01-06
82 Cordyline fruticosa Kilauea, D. Rgone garden Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 153 Kauai BISH 2003-01-19
83 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Preserved_Specimen Nakata, S. 3 Oahu BISH 1945-12-10
84 Cordyline fruticosa Allerton Garden, Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 162 Kauai BISH 2003-01-20
85 Cordyline fruticosa Allerton Garden, Kalaheo, lower road, before palm tunnel on L Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 151 Kauai BISH 2003-01-18
86 Cordyline fruticosa Laie, 200 feet S of old poi factory Preserved_Specimen Au, R. 29 Oahu BISH 1960-12-08
87 Cordyline fruticosa Bishop Museum Grounds Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 136 Oahu BISH 2003-01-14
88 Cordyline fruticosa Wailupe Valley, right fork Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 189 Oahu BISH 1920-01-12
89 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum, ethnobotanical garden Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 133 Oahu BISH 2003-01-13
90 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 146 Kauai BISH 2003-01-17
91 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum, in parking lot Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 131 Oahu BISH 2003-01-13
92 Cordyline fruticosa unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
93 Cordyline fruticosa Coral plain below Ewa & Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2350 Oahu BISH 1916-03-14
94 Cordyline fruticosa Halawa Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 12664 Molokai BISH 1932-12-27
95 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 132 Oahu BISH 2003-01-13
96 Cordyline fruticosa Hwy 560 W, beyond mile 5 Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 159 Kauai BISH 2003-01-19
97 Cordyline fruticosa Kilauea, D. Ragone garden Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 156 Kauai BISH 2003-01-19
98 Cordyline fruticosa Allerton Garden, 3530 Papalima Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 148 Kauai BISH 2003-01-17
99 Cordyline fruticosa Mt. Kaala, Waianae Uka Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 136 Oahu BISH 1930-02-02
100 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 141 Kauai BISH 2003-01-17
101 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Kapalama Heights, Kamehameha Girls' School Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1932-06-06
102 Cordyline fruticosa Lanaihale Preserved_Specimen Kondo, Y. Lanai BISH 1961-03-26
103 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1962-04-09
104 Cordyline fruticosa Moanalua Valley Preserved_Specimen Bryan, W.A. Oahu BISH 1903-12-13
105 Cordyline fruticosa Maui Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Maui BISH
106 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Manoa Valley; University of Hawaii Manoa Campus Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1962-04-01
107 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Yoshinaga, E.K. Oahu BISH 1929-12-26
108 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Kapalama Heights, Kamehameha Girls' School Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1932-06-06
109 Cordyline fruticosa possibly from Mt. Tantalus Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH
110 Cordyline fruticosa Hillebrands Glen Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1908-12-28
111 Cordyline fruticosa Hillebrands Glen Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Oahu BISH 1909-12-28
112 Cordyline fruticosa [Hawaiian Islands; U.S.A.; O`ahu; Hawai`i; Honolulu] Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH
113 Cordyline fruticosa Oahu Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH
114 Cordyline fruticosa Waimea Arboretum, garden below falls Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 179 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
115 Cordyline fruticosa Coral plain below Ewa & Sisal Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2350 Oahu BISH 1916-03-14
116 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu, Nuuanu Valley Preserved_Specimen MacDaniels, L.H. 169 Oahu BISH 1927-01-01
117 Cordyline fruticosa Waimanu Valley; Waimanu Trail Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6099 Hawaii BISH 1969-09-13
118 Cordyline fruticosa NTBG, 3530 Papalina Rd., Kalaheo Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 142 Kauai BISH 2003-01-17
119 Cordyline fruticosa Kawaihau Dist.; Sleeping Giant Mountain (Nonou Forest Reserve) Secondary forest of Psidium cattleianum w/native remnants incl. Pandanus, Acacia koa & Hibiscus on E slope. Locally common in understory, naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3-4 m tall, sparsely branching; young infl. purplish, terminal. Lorence, D.H. 5828 Kauai BISH 1988-02-26
120 Cordyline fruticosa Waikane Ditch Trail A local stand forming element in exotic forest. Preserved_Specimen A 10 foot plus herb. Takeuchi, W.N. 1882 Oahu BISH 1984-12-17
121 Cordyline fruticosa Keaau Makua Forest Reserve Makua low forest Preserved_Specimen Davis, H. Oahu BISH 1932-11-25
122 Cordyline fruticosa Back of Lyon Arboretum, Manoa Valley disturbed forest Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 169 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
123 Cordyline fruticosa Napali Coast; Hanakapiai In Pandanus forest. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10903 Kauai BISH 1930-12-31
124 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum, behind, near post 7c disturbed forest Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 171 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
125 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu: Punahou area, 1940 Manoa Rd Growing in deep shade. Preserved_Specimen shrub 3 m., sparse, erect branches; petioles and the midribs on the leaf underside are crimson, purple, and maroon; corolla is magenta without lavender to mauve within. Flower odorless. fruit blood red. Lau, J. 1537 Oahu BISH 1985-10-19
126 Cordyline fruticosa Aiea; Loop Trail, ridge line Acacia koa, Styphelia tameiameiae, Cibotium Preserved_Specimen large; multiple stems Hinkle, A. 168 Oahu BISH 2003-06-03
127 Cordyline fruticosa Puna, near Kupaahu in earthquake fissure Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 3006 Hawaii BISH 1959-07-02
128 Cordyline fruticosa Honolulu cultivated from wild state Preserved_Specimen Erect shrub 3 m. high; flower lavender and white. Bryan Jr., E.H. 1035 Oahu BISH 1936-02-27
129 Cordyline fruticosa East Maui, Hana District, Hana, Puu Ki lower forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 3 meters. St.John, H. 17877 Maui BISH 1936-12-31
130 Cordyline fruticosa W ridge of Honomuni Edge of thicket. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25184 Molokai BISH 1953-12-23
131 Cordyline fruticosa Polynesian Cultural Center Abundant everywhere there is moisture. Preserved_Specimen 4' plant w. shiny paddle-shaped leaves. Brandow, C.T. 23 Oahu BISH 1967-03-30
132 Cordyline fruticosa Kipapa Gulch On slope. Preserved_Specimen 4 feet tall. Hosaka, E.Y. 1347 Oahu BISH 1936-03-22
133 Cordyline fruticosa Koolau Mountains: South Opaeula Gulch, Paalaa wooded ridge Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10618 Oahu BISH 1930-11-09
134 Cordyline fruticosa Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Southern Trap & Skeet Range Growing in a sinkhole ~ 2 m deep. With Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis pallida, Asystasia gangetica, and Rivina humilis. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall plant. Trunk 10 cm diameter. White or pale flowers - mostly fallen off. Bright green leaves. BISH staff 80 Oahu BISH 2021-05-17
135 Cordyline fruticosa Puuhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park, near Visitor Center and main ruins area highly modified by ancient Polynesians Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 10291 Hawaii BISH 1984-04-08
136 Cordyline fruticosa Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Southern Trap & Skeet Range Growing in a sinkhole ~ 2 m deep. With Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis pallida, Asystasia gangetica, and Rivina humilis. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall plant. Trunk 10 cm diameter. White or pale flowers - mostly fallen off. Bright green leaves. BISH staff 80 Oahu BISH 2021-05-17
137 Cordyline fruticosa Kawaihau Dist.; Sleeping Giant Mountain (Nonou Forest Reserve) Secondary forest of Psidium cattleianum w/native remnants incl. Pandanus, Acacia koa & Hibiscus on E slope. Locally common in understory, naturalized. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 3-4 m tall, sparsely branching; young infl. purplish, terminal. Lorence, D.H. 5828 Kauai BISH 1988-02-26
138 Cordyline fruticosa ahupuaa of Halepuaa in the Puna District THe plant was growing in an area exposed to direct sunlight. The plant was growing with Pluchea odorata, Psidium guajava, and Brachiaria mutica. The soil is `a`a or cinder. Preserved_Specimen The plant was about 1.5 meters tall. Yoshida, L. 79.073 Hawaii BISH 1979-03-08
139 Cordyline fruticosa Aiea; Loop Trail, valley intersecting trail under dry forest canopy Preserved_Specimen large Hinkle, A. 167 Oahu BISH 2003-06-03
140 Cordyline fruticosa Lyon Arboretum, behind, near post 8e disturbed forest Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 172 Oahu BISH 2003-06-04
141 Cordyline fruticosa Waikane Ditch Trail A local stand forming element in exotic forest. Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1882 Oahu BISH 1984-12-17
142 Cordyline fruticosa BYU-HC Kaolitic clay Preserved_Specimen Small shrub; perennial. Vaiaoga, O. Oahu BISH 1980-09-01
143 Cordyline fruticosa Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Southern Trap & Skeet Range Growing in a sinkhole ~ 2 m deep. With Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis pallida, Asystasia gangetica, and Rivina humilis. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall plant. Trunk 10 cm diameter. White or pale flowers - mostly fallen off. Bright green leaves. BISH staff 80 Oahu BISH 2021-05-17
144 Cordyline fruticosa Former Naval Air Station Barbers Point, Southern Trap & Skeet Range Growing in a sinkhole ~ 2 m deep. With Leucaena leucocephala, Prosopis pallida, Asystasia gangetica, and Rivina humilis. Preserved_Specimen 4 m tall plant. Trunk 10 cm diameter. White or pale flowers - mostly fallen off. Bright green leaves. BISH staff 80 Oahu BISH 2021-05-17
145 Cordyline fruticosa Jct. Kaloa and Aloha roads, Kaloa private garden Preserved_Specimen Hinkle, A. 149 Kauai BISH 2003-01-18
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